Use of Psychology in Fashion Essay Example for Free

Use of Psychology in Fashion Essay Psychology plays a major role in every professional creative field. The art of fashion design is not an exception. Fashion uses psychology in many different ways, from getting customers to purchase clothing, to self-expression in the clothing, to analyzing psychographics in a population to identify a potential target market. First impressions are made largely on how a person’s attire looks, through use of color, fit, and design. Emotions and moods can be evoked through fit and color on a person’s body. All these effects on the human brain and psyche are taken into great consideration when designing garments. Psychographics are used to classify people into like-minded groups. This is a way to examine a population and determine what their behavioral patterns are. These behavioral patterns transfer over into the fashion world. With this extremely useful information, the industry can now know who to sell a product to, based on a variety of factors common in these groups. Spending habits, social class, opinions on certain groups, etc. all apply to a successful marketing campaign. One may use a target market such as â€Å"women from ages 20-25†. However, this includes a huge variety of people. In order to successfully market a product, one must know who they are selling to. A successful marketing campaign includes the behaviors of those women aged 20-25. For example a target market could be described as â€Å"women aged 20-25, who follow fashion’s latest trends, not willing to spend more than $60 on a single garment, are politically active, and are mostly independent.† Thu s designers and marketers can make clothing lines better suited to these individuals. Emotions and moods can be evoked from someone’s clothes. Fashion is now viewed, either knowingly or not, as wearable art. It is not just an article of clothing, but a form of artwork and decoration that is wearable. Thus, like art, clothing can evoke emotion through the use of color and composition. Pantone puts out a forecast for every season with a theme. This theme is then broken down into how it evokes mood changes and how the color palette accentuates this mood. These moods and emotions affect the brain and behavior of the onlooker, causing them to either want or reject the item. Just like personal tastes in art, the consumer uses art as a form of expression and personal taste, hinting to others elements of their personality. As stated before, psychology is a form of self-expression, and a form of visual communication. The way one dresses may put one in a fashion subcategory. These subcategories are thought of as a whole and are subject to judgment and discrimination of sorts. For example, a person with many tattoos and a vintage style of clothing may be viewed as a â€Å"hipster†, and hence the viewer may assume many things of the individual. The fit of garments say many things about oneself. Made-to-fit clothing on men in the business world is more respectable than non-tailored clothes. With women, skirt suits create the balance between attractiveness and masculinity in order to appear respectable, much more than the overly aggressive pant suit. One may see the effect of clothing when one researches on how to dress for an interview in order to make an impression upon the hiring manager. Clothes are the way people express themselves in Western culture without the use of words. One can tell many things about a person based upon the way they are dressed. While many things may be erroneous when judging someone by the way they are dressed, a lot of things can be said of them based upon their dress. Thus, fashion designers and marketers must work together to cater to these people in these psychographics/target markets, while offering enough for the individual to make a personal choice in order to be different. Psychology plays an extremely important role in fashion design.

Cultural Engineering of the Poetic Parental Instinct :: Areopagitica John Milton Poetry Essays

Cultural Engineering of the Poetic Parental Instinct It seems that biological genetic engineering is not a contained threat; in the last decade it seems to have spilled significantly into cultural and literary studies. In Renaissance studies, this trend becomes evident in Richard A. Goldthwaithe's Wealth and the Demand for Art in Italy: 1300-1600 (1993) and especially in Lisa Jardine's Worldly Goods: A New History of the Renaissance (1996). These "new histories" of "worldly and wealthy" Renaissance attempt to present consumerism and Thatcherism as the moving spirit of Renaissance society and art. Considering the mere fact that less than 5% of the population could have afforded art, this search for Thatcherite "motions" in Renaissance society and culture seems to correlate, in its result, to what T. S. Eliot defines as artists' search for new emotions in art. Unfortunately, this trend of engineering the cultural history can be observed, albeit in a slightly different form, also in the studies of individual authors and their works, and J ohn Milton and his Areopagitica are no exception. One of the reasons for this trend in Milton studies and this particular pamphlet can be sought in the over-saturation of Areopagitica criticism dealing, to a great extent, with various aspects of authorial intention and textual authority. This particular strain seems to have been brought to the point of absurdity in Paul M. Dowling's Polite Wisdom: Heathen Rhetoric in Milton's "Areopagitica" (1995), a book from which one can conclude, in contrast to earlier criticism (Barker, Kendrick, Belsey), that Milton's main intention for his pamphlet was to be understood at two levels—as suggested in Dowling's title— and to defend simply the freedom of philosophic speech. As D. F. McKenzie has noted, recently there has been a shift of scholarly interest in Milton's Areopagitica from "questions of authorial intention and textual authority to those of textual dissemination and readership" (Miller 26). While this distancing from the authorial intention has resulted in some illuminating works about the world of printing, Renaissance economy, censorship and public sphere (Miller, Sherman, Norbrook), it has also produced some curious side-effects because the critics cannot avoid, in their final analysis, touching upon the authorial intention in the light of their newly made discoveries. Thus, Stephen B. Dobranski suggests that, since Areopagitica is about books, "the reading of the text should begin (but not, of course, end) by placing the pamphlet within the world of printing"

National Industrial Conference Board

This paper will present a short biography of Alan Greenspan and a discussion of his career as US Federal Reserve Chairman. The paper will look into the ways Greenspan improved the American economy. His policies were a subject of heated debate both inside the U.S. and internationally, therefore this paper will also provide a short account of various criticisms of Greenspan’s initiatives.Starting with a short biography of this exceptional public figure, Alan Greenspan was born in 1926, in New York City. From early teens he was fascinated by the world of music and therefore enrolled in the Juilliard School of dance, drama and music after his graduation from high school. However, he left the school to travel with Henry Jerome and His Orchestra and perform as a tenor, saxophone and clarinet player.It lasted for about a year, and in 1944 Greenspan enrolled in New York University’s school of commerce. He graduated from the school with a Master of Arts degree in 1950. At the sa me time, Alan started studying at Columbia University at the graduate level, yet he also began working at the National Industrial Conference Board, which caused him to discontinue his studies at Columbia University.The following year Greenspan met artist Joan Mitchell, and one more year after that they married, yet the marriage only lasted for ten months.In 1954, Greenspan established Townsend-Greenspan and company together with bond trader William Townsend. He was the Chairman and president of this economic consulting firm from 1954 to 1974. Starting in 1967, Greenspan stared engaging in politics. Under the Nixon administration, he was the director of domestic policy research. He refused an offer to work permanently in the administration, but went on advising Nixon informally, working simultaneously for the Townsend-Greenspan and company (InvestingValue, 2005).In the years 1974 to 1977, Greenspan was the Chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisers, yet in 1977 he went back to the Townsend-Greenspan and company. The same year he received a Ph.D. degree from New York University.In the years 1981 to 1983, Greenspan held the position of the Chairman of the National Commission on Social Security Reform. He is often lauded for preventing the bankruptcy of the social security system while he was occupying that post (InvestingValue, 2005).In 1987, Greenspan was nominated the chairman of the Federal Reserve Board and served as such for five consecutive terms.Townsend-Greenspan and company was closed, since Alan did not succeed in finding a buyer for it. Before Greenspan became the chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, he served as a corporate director for Aluminum Company of America, Capital Cities/ABC, General Foods, J.P. Morgan & Co, Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York, Mobil Corporation; and The Pittston Company, as well as a Member of the Board of Trustees for the Rand Corporation, Director of the Institute for International Economics, Member o f the Board of Overseers, Hoover Institution and Vice Chairman and Trustee for the Economic Club of New York. In 1997, Greenspan married Andrea Mitchell, an NBC’s journalist, after twelve years of dating her.After his retirement from the Federal Reserve Board in 2006, he provides consulting services through his company, Greenspan Associates LLC (InvestingValue, 2005).As concerns Greenspan’s economic philosophy, he is known as a committed supporter of Objectivism. He made friends with novelist and philosopher Ayn Rand through Joan Mitchell, and he was significantly influenced by her views. He contributed articles to Objectivist newsletters and authored a number of essays for Rand's 1966 book ‘Capitalism: the Unknown Ideal’ (InvestingValue, 2005).

Collocation Definition and Examples in English

A collocation (pronunciation: KOL-oh-KAY-shun) is a familiar grouping of words, especially words that habitually appear together and thereby convey meaning by association. The term collocation (from the Latin for place together) was first used in its linguistic sense by British linguist John Rupert Firth (1890-1960), who famously observed, You shall know a word by the company it keeps. Collocational range refers to the set of items that typically accompany a word. The size of a collocational range is partially determined by a words level of specificity and number of meanings. Examples and Observations Once upon a time there was a Martian named Valentine Michael Smith.—Robert Heinlein, Stranger in a Strange Land Once upon a time and a very good time it was there was a moocow coming down along the road and this moocow that was coming down along the road met a nicens little boy named baby tuckoo.—James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man The mule has more horse sense than a horse. He knows when to stop eating—and he knows when to stop working.—Harry S. Truman. Im an incredible man, possessing an iron will and nerves of steel—two traits that have helped me become the genius I am today as well as the lady killer I was in days gone by.—William Morgan Sheppard as Dr. Ira Graves, Star Trek: The Next Generation The Wheel of Fortune Lexicon Collocations and clichà ©s are strings of words that are remembered as wholes and often used together, such as gone with the wind or like two peas in a pod. People know tens of thousands of these expressions; the linguist Ray Jackendoff refers to them as the Wheel of Fortune lexicon, after the game show in which contestants guess a familiar expression from a few fragments.—From Words and Rules by Steven Pinker Predictability of Collocations Every lexeme has collocations, but some are much more predictable than others. Blond collocates strongly with hair, flock with sheep, neigh with horse. Some collocations are totally predictable, such as spick with span, or addled with brains . . .. Others are much less so: letter collocates with a wide range of lexemes, such as alphabet and spelling, and (in another sense) box, post, and write. . . . Collocations should not be confused with association of ideas. The way lexemes work together may have nothing to do with ideas. We say in English green with jealousy (not blue or red), though there is nothing literally green about jealousy.—From How Language Works by David Crystal Collocational Range Two main factors can influence the collocational range of an item (Beekman and Callow, 1974). The first is its level of specificity: the more general a word is, the broader its collocational range; the more specific it is, the more restricted its collocational range. The verb bury is likely to have a much broader collocational range than any of its hyponyms, such as inter or entomb, for example. Only people can be interred, but you can bury people, a treasure, your head, face, feelings, and memories. The second factor which determines the collocational range of an item is the number of senses it has. Most words have several senses and they tend to attract a different set of collocates for each sense.—From In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation by Mona Baker George Carlins Take on Collocations in Advertising Quality, value, style,service, selection, convenience,economy, savings, performance,experience, hospitality,low rates, friendly service,name brands, easy terms,affordable prices, money-back guarantee,free installation.Free admission, free appraisal, free alterations,free delivery, free estimates,free home trial--and free parking.No cash? No problem. No kidding!No fuss, no muss, no risk, no obligation,no red tape, no down payment,no entry fee, no hidden charges,no purchase necessary,no one will call on you,no payments or interest till September.Limited time only, though,so act now,order today,send no money,offer good while supplies last,two to a customer,each item sold separately,batteries not included,mileage may vary,all sales are final,allow six weeks for delivery,some items not available,some assembly required,some restrictions may apply.—Advertising Lullabye by George Carlin Further Resources ColligationAdjective OrderBinomialChunkClichà ©Conceptual MeaningCorpus LexicographyHypernymHyponymIdiomLexical ApproachListemeNegative PolarityPlatitudePrivilege of OccurrenceSemantic Field AnalysisSemantic TransparencySnowcloneWhat Are Clichà ©s? Sources Pinker, Steven. Words and Rules. HarperCollins, 1999ï » ¿Crystal, David. How Language Works. Overlook Press, 2005ï » ¿Baker, Mona. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. Routledge, 1992Carlin, George Advertising Lullabye from Napalm Silly Putty. HarperCollins, 2001